Summary about Disease
Krompecher tumor, also known as basal cell carcinoma (BCC), is the most common type of skin cancer. It originates in the basal cells, which are located in the lower layer of the epidermis (the outer layer of the skin). BCCs are typically slow-growing and rarely spread to other parts of the body (metastasize). However, if left untreated, they can invade surrounding tissues and cause significant local damage.
Symptoms
BCCs can appear in various forms. Common signs and symptoms include:
A pearly or waxy bump
A flat, flesh-colored or brown scar-like lesion
A bleeding or scabbing sore that heals and returns
A pink, slightly elevated area on the skin that may itch
Causes
The primary cause of BCC is prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from sunlight or tanning beds. Other contributing factors include:
Fair skin
History of sunburns
Family history of skin cancer
Radiation exposure
Exposure to arsenic
Weakened immune system
Certain rare genetic syndromes
Medicine Used
Treatment options for BCC depend on the tumor's size, location, and aggressiveness. Medicines used include:
Topical medications: Creams or lotions containing medications like imiquimod or fluorouracil can be used for superficial BCCs.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT): A photosensitizing agent is applied to the skin, followed by exposure to a specific wavelength of light, which destroys the cancer cells.
Surgical excision: Cutting out the tumor and a surrounding margin of healthy tissue.
Curettage and electrodessication: Scraping away the tumor followed by using an electric needle to destroy any remaining cancer cells.
Mohs surgery: A specialized surgical technique where the tumor is removed layer by layer, and each layer is examined under a microscope until cancer-free tissue is reached.
Radiation therapy: Using high-energy beams to kill cancer cells.
Targeted therapy: Medications like vismodegib and sonidegib are used for advanced BCCs that cannot be treated with surgery or radiation.
Is Communicable
No, basal cell carcinoma (Krompecher tumor) is not a communicable disease. It is not contagious and cannot be spread from person to person.
Precautions
The most important precaution is to minimize exposure to UV radiation. This includes:
Using sunscreen: Apply a broad-spectrum sunscreen with an SPF of 30 or higher daily, even on cloudy days.
Seeking shade: Especially during peak sunlight hours (10 a.m. to 4 p.m.).
Wearing protective clothing: Including long sleeves, pants, a wide-brimmed hat, and sunglasses.
Avoiding tanning beds: Tanning beds emit harmful UV radiation.
Regular skin self-exams: Checking your skin regularly for any new or changing moles, spots, or growths.
Regular check ups with dermatologist following up on new or concerning spots with a professional
How long does an outbreak last?
Basal cell carcinoma does not present as an "outbreak." It is a tumor that develops over time. The length of time a BCC is present before diagnosis can vary greatly, from months to years. The growth rate is typically slow, but it can vary depending on the individual tumor and its location.
How is it diagnosed?
BCC is typically diagnosed through:
Visual examination: A doctor will examine the skin lesion.
Biopsy: A small sample of the suspicious skin lesion is removed and examined under a microscope to confirm the diagnosis.
Timeline of Symptoms
The timeline of symptoms varies significantly:
Early stages: May appear as a small, pearly bump or a flat, scaly patch.
Progression: Over time, the lesion may grow larger, bleed, scab, or ulcerate. The rate of growth varies among individuals.
Advanced stages (rare): If left untreated, the tumor can invade surrounding tissues and cause disfigurement.
Important Considerations
Early detection and treatment are crucial for successful outcomes.
Individuals with a history of BCC are at higher risk of developing new lesions.
Regular follow-up appointments with a dermatologist are recommended, especially for those with a history of skin cancer or significant sun exposure.
While metastasis is rare, certain aggressive subtypes of BCC can spread.
Mohs surgery often has the highest cure rate, particularly for BCCs in cosmetically sensitive areas or those that are recurrent.